What is keratosis pilaris?
Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a very common benign skin condition affecting 50-80% of teenagers and up to 40% of adults. KP appears as tiny bumps on the skin which can come in many colors, including skin colored and white. The age of onset of KP is usually within the first decade of life but it can worsen during puberty.

What causes keratosis pilaris?
The tiny bumps seen in KP occur when hair follicles become plugged with keratin, which is protein found in skin, hair, and nails. Although the cause of KP is not completely understood, it is thought to have a genetic association and therefore people with close blood relatives who have KP are more likely to develop it. In addition, individuals with certain conditions such as asthma, eczema, and hay fever are also more prone to developing KP.


What are the signs and symptoms?
The tiny (1-2 mm) bumps associated with KP can occur anywhere, except for the palms and soles, but are most often seen in the upper arms, thighs, and buttocks of affected individuals. However, they can extend to the lower legs and forearms of some individuals in more prominent cases. These bumps can make the skin feel rough and dry and are occasionally associated with itchiness. Cold and dry weather can make these bumps look worse.

What treatment options are available?
Although there is no treatment to remove KP permanently, its appearance can be improved by following these guidelines:

  • Keep the skin moist (hydrated) by applying a fragrance-free moisturizer after every shower/bath while the skin is still damp.
  • Look for products containing alpha-hydroxy acids (e.g., glycolic acid, lactic acid), urea, and/or retinol. Examples of these types of lotions are: Gold Bond Rough and Bumpy, Cetaphil Rough and Bumpy, Amlactin, or a Glytone KP Kit
  • Over-the-counter cortisone cream can be used to relieve itchiness.

When should I seek medical care?
KP is benign condition with no health implications. However, if the appearance of your skin is very bothersome to you and fails to improve with the self-care measures listed above, a dermatologist can discuss your treatment options in more detail.

Sources
1. Keratosis pilaris in Adult. VisualDx 2022.
2. Keratosis pilaris: Overview. American Academy of Dermatology Association 2022.
3. Choi SM, R. Keratosis pilaris. DermNet NZ 2022.